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Formulation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Miswak (Salvadora persica L.) Chewing Stick Aqueous Extract Lozenges

Esraa F. Hussein, Walaa A. Abdelgadir, Rayan M. Osman, Ayman Y. Waddad, Abdelgadir A. Abdelgadir

The aims of this study to formulate and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Salvadora persica aqueous extract lozenges. S. persica aqueous extract lozenges were prepared by heating and congealing technique. Antimicrobial activities for S. persica aqueous extract and S. persica aqueous extract lozenges were determined using the well diffusion method. The formulation of S. persica lozenges was performed and its quality was evaluated. S. persica aqueous extract and S. persica aqueous extract lozenges were exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against clinical isolated oral pathogens. The highest antibacterial activity of; (85 mg/ml); 25 ± 0.78 mm, 30 ± 0.77 mm, 21 ± 0.83 mm and 18 ± 0.86 mm were obtained against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. mutans, respectively. Also, the antifungal activity of S. persica extract showed that the highest activity 12 ± 0.79 mm with concentration (85 mg/ml) against C. albicans. Moreover, S. persica extract lozenges were showed antimicrobial activities with the zone of inhibitions (85 mg/ml); 30 ± 0.83 mm, 20 ± 0.85 mm, 18 ± 0.78 mm and 10 ± 0.85 mm were obtained against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans respectively. This study draws attention toward an easy and time saving formulation process of S. persica lozenges as suitable dosage form that may effectively control oral and throat pathogens.