Journal des maladies infectieuses et de la médecine préventive
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A Mini Review: A Rationale for the Possible Role of Heparin/Heparinoid Antithrombotics in the Management of COVID-19 Infection

H. N. Magnani*

COVID-19 infection can vary from no symptoms in mainly younger healthy subjects to fatalities dying from viral or super-infection bacterial pneumonia, septic shock and multiple organ failure or cardiogenic shock mainly in older subjects. The virus is inhaled and invades the cells of the mouth, upper and lower respiratory tracts by high-jacking cell surface ACE-2 receptors and the transmembrane protein Neuropilin-1 to enter cells. It then sets about disrupting the responses of the body’s major defence mechanisms: the immune complement and haemostasis systems, to gain access to the vascular system and virtually all organs and tissues.