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Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccines: Scope and Implications

Roshan Kumar Singh, Sandeep Satapathy* and Abhilasha Singh

High risk human papilloma virus has often been associated with cancer onset and progression by the virtue of the viral oncogenes. Genital cancers and Oropharyngeal cancers are the two leading carcinomas often induced by HPV infection. These viral encoded oncogenes (e.g. E6/E7/E8) are known for their ability to integrate, recombine and interfere with the host cellular genes. Although significant work has been undertaken and several more in progress in understanding the disease biology, yet attaining an effective and long term protection from HPV associated cancers remains unachieved. Lack of any drug based therapy or post-infection treatment strategy along with limited commercially available vaccines (e.g. Gardasil and Cervarix) have crippled our efforts to curb the disease manifestation cancers, remains. Therefore, in this review we aim to address the contemporary rational of HPV vaccine designing and development. We have also analyzed the scope and future perspectives of the commercially available vaccine regimes.