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HIV-1 Latent Reservoir and Its Treatment

Siddhartha Norgay

The initial identification of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) , antiretroviral therapy (ART), a targeted treatment, has successfully kept the observed plasma viremia below a very low level, and the method has advanced quickly. However, a sudden discontinuation of the medication would unavoidably result in HIV viral rebound and HIV progression because of the presence of the latent reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1 in patients receiving ART. Therefore, prior to creating a treatment that completely wipes out the reservoir, it is imperative to gain a better knowledge of the HIV-1 latent reservoir (LR). HIV-1 can spread from cell to cell as well as through the release of cell-free particles. There is growing evidence that cell-to-cell transmission is more effective than cell-free transmission of particles and may have an impact on HIV-1 infection pathogenesis.