Système orthopédique et musculaire : recherche actuelle
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Focal Venous Malformations and Risk of Muscle Involvement in Children

Jie Zhou, Lei Guo*, Liang Wang, Jing Li, Zhuang Liu, Jiali Sun

Background: Venous Malformations (VMs) are the most common vascular malformations which can be classified as focal, multifocal, or diffuse types. VMs have a higher incidence in muscle than skin, subcutaneous tissue. But the risk of focal venous malformations with muscle involvement is not well defined.

Objective: The aim of our study was to observe clinical features of focal VMs and make risk evaluation of them based on positions that are associated with invasion of muscle. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective review of patients treated for focal VMs between February 2021 and February 2022.

Results: We assessed 26 patients focal VMs with 47 lesions; 18 (69%) were unifocal, 3 (12%) were dual-focal and 5 (19%) were multifocal type VMs, and 29 (62%) were intramuscular VMs. Of all focal VMs, 32 (68%) lesions arose in the extremities, 10 (21%) in the head and neck region and 5 (11%) in the torso. The three groups were no statistical difference for the intramuscular VMs, 19 (68%) arose in extremities, 6 (21%) in the head and neck region and 3 (11%) in the torso. But the lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a significantly elevated risk of focal VMs Relative Risk (RR), 1.7; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), (1.148-2.394). Limitations: Retrospective, single-institution study.

Conclusion: Intramuscular involvement of the body should be considered in focal VMs. The lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a significantly elevated risk of focal VMs.