Sciences de la volaille, de la pêche et de la faune
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Epizootic Hematopoietic Necrosis

Malawo Memba

Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis (EHN) is a fish systemic iridoviral disease. The epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) induces EHN in red fin perch and rainbow trout. This disease is extremely lethal in red fin perch; infected farms typically suffer significant economic losses, and extreme population reductions will occur in wild populations. Rainbow trout are less likely to be poisoned, and the average mortalities are lower. In catfish and sheath fish, closely associated viruses cause severe outbreaks of epizootic hematopoietic necrosis. At the moment, the propagation of EHN viruses is poorly known. Their long survival in the ecosystem and susceptibility to disinfectants further complicate their power. Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis is a chronic condition characterized by liver, spleen, and kidney necrosis. This disease is caused by viruses of the epizootic hematopoietic necrosis group in the genus Ranavirus and family Iridoviridae. EHNV has only been found in red fin perch (Perca fluviatilis) and rainbow trout in the wild (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Macquarie perch (Macquaria australis), mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus), Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii), and Atlantic salmon have all been infected experimentally (Salmo salar). Other species may also be susceptible. Sheatfish/wels catfish (Silurus glanis) have been shown to carry ESV, while ECV can infect European catfish (Ictalurus melas), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and short-finned eels (Anguilla australis). In Denmark, systemic necrotizing iridovirus syndromes have been identified in other fish species, including turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).