Urologie médicale et chirurgicale
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Epidemiological Studies on Urinogenital Schistosomiasis in Ebonyi State

Chioma O Anorue*, Ikechukwu O Onyali, Okwudili M Iwueze

This study examined the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study was conducted from May 2018 to April 2019. A total of 875 primary school children were randomly selected from three local government areas (LGA). The prevalence and intensity were determined by urine microscopy. Of the 875 school children examined microscopically, 115(13.1%) were found positive with S. haematobium egg, 46(5.3%) were positive for macrohaematuria. The overall prevalence was higher in males 67(14.9%) with a mean intensity of 41.15 eggs/10 ml urine than females 48(11.3%) with a mean intensity of 48.25 eggs/10 ml urine though the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). School children between 6-8 years old had the highest prevalence of the infection (15.9%) with a mean intensity of 41.42 eggs/10 ml urine, followed by those in age group 9-11 years old (13.9%) and mean intensity 41.59 eggs/10 ml urine. Light infection occurred mostly among those in the age group 9-11 years old (67.3%). While heavy infection occurred mostly among those in the age group 12-14 years old (62.5%). Umunneato Primary School pupils were mostly infected (13.7%), mean intensity of 73.4 eggs/10 ml urine, while the least infection rate (5.3%) occurred among pupils from Future Hope Primary School pupils with a mean intensity of 11.5 eggs/10m urine. Pupils, whose parents/guardians were farmers, had the highest prevalence (23.9%) of the infection, with a mean intensity of 58.29 eggs/10ml urine. Pupils whose parents had no form of formal education had significantly highest prevalence (16.4%) and mean intensity of 76.22eggs/10ml urine. Those who source their water from the river statistically had the highest prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis 103(23.9%).The highest prevalence of macrohaematuria (7.3%) was recorded at Ikwo LGA. Unique Primary School had the highest prevalence (11.8%) of haematuria. The highest prevalence of haematuria was recorded among males (5.7%). While the age group 6-8 years old had the highest prevalence of haematuria (8.3%). The study revealed that urogenital schistosomiasis is endemic in Ebonyi State. There is need for school-based chemotherapy and health education programme to help reduce the risk of urogenital schistosomiasis in Ebonyi state