Anatomie et physiologie : recherches en cours
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Anatomical Variations in the Bifurcation of the Sciatic Nerve, A Cadaveric Study and its Clinical Implications

Saritha S, Praveen Kumar M and Supriya G

Descriptions of Entrapment Neuropathies involving the peripheral nerves are relatively common, especially in Sciatic nerve (SN). Sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body. It originates from the sacral plexus from L4-S3 roots in form of two nerve trunks. The Tibial nerve (TN) and Common Peroneal nerve (CPN) are encompassed by single epineural sheath and eventually separates. Variations in the level of bifurcation of the Sciatic nerve are common and being reported by several authors. It is broad and flat at its origin, peripherally it becomes rounded. The bifurcation into its two major trunks TN and CPN may occur anywhere between the sacral plexus and popliteal space. Significant number of variations in the bifurcation, course, relation and distribution of its branches were encountered in sciatic nerve. These variations may cause nerve compressions under other anatomic structures, resulting in non discogenic sciatica. The aim of this study was to provide and define the level of the SN exit, its divisions and its anatomical variation obtained from human cadavers. The differences in the exit of these two branches are important in clarifying clinical etiology.