Zahra Tolou Ghamari
Empagliflozin or Jardiance could be prescribed in forms of immunotherapy or polypharmacy with metformin or insulin for patients with diabetes as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, Sodium Glucose Contransporter Type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and albuminuria lowering agent. The aim of this review was to provide updated information associated with the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacotherapy of empagliflozin. This review was conducted according to published PRISMA guidelines. SGLT2 plays a crucial role in glucose transport and intraadrenal osmolality. In fact SGLT2 actively mediated 90% reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys. The over activation of SGLT2 in diabetic patients, leads to an increase in glucose and sodium reabsorption. Empagliflozin inhibits this contransporter that leads to loss of glucose in the urine and a reduction in hyperglycemia. Similar to Glucagon-Like Peptide 1(GLP-1) agonists, empagliflozin could cause reduction in albuminuria. The drug is orally active with a competitive binding to glucose. By oral administration the drug has a rapid absorption and metabolized by glucuronide conjugation. Excretion is through urine and feces. Pharmacotherapy used empagliflozin by reducing kidney disease progression’s could improve conditions in patients with; diabetes (types 1 or 2), overweight and blood pressure. In addition in those with chronic kidney disease empagliflozin could improve serum mineral and bone markers. Further evidence-based pharmacotherapy studies recommended establishing the drug bioavailability, efficacy and side effects’.